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        Yunnan province, China, yields most wild edible mushrooms across the country, and suffers from most severe mushroom poisonings. Incidents caused by poisonous mushrooms have become one of the major problems in public health and security of China. Poisonous mushrooms have various toxicological effects, but the amanitin-containing ones are the most significant. Eighty to nighty percent of the deadly cases are caused by these mushrooms. Amanitins and some related cyclic peptides are highly toxic with extremely low lethal dose. These cyclic peptides are chemically stable, resistant to high temperature, acids, bases, and salts. Lowering the incidents caused by these mushrooms will significant reduce the poisonings and therefore put the situation under control.

        It is a global issue regarding fast identification of poisonous mushrooms, as these mushrooms oftentimes share morphological traits with edible ones, even like “twins” in some cases. For example, there are two edible Amanita species in Chuxiong and Qujin, Yunnan, called “Huangluosan” and “Bailuosan”. However, there are also two deadly Amanita species at the same locations, A. subjunquillea and A. exitialis, respectively. One fruiting body of the mushrooms could cause death if not treated in time. As another example, the “mamuji” mushrooms comprise many edible species of Amantia, but they also contain A. fuliginea, a deadly species containing α-amanitin. Fast detection for these deadly amanitin-containing mushrooms without doubt has significance in prevention and control of the incidents caused by these poisonous mushrooms.

        Scientists in China recently obtained a patent “A fast detection method for poisonous mushrooms (ZL201610991804.1)”. Through cooperation with companies, the first fast detection kit for amanitin-containing mushrooms has made its debut. This product can be applied under various conditions (laboratories, fields, camps, village clinics, and etc.), and the analysis is conducted within a very short period of time (3-5 minutes). This product uses a convenient and fast procedure specifically against amanitins, and the results are presented in highly distinguishable blue-greenish coloration. To the best of our knowledge, this detection kit is the first commercial product worldwide for poisonous mushroom detection, which can assist in identification of deadly mushrooms, and help the industry of wild edible mushrooms in Yunnan, and the world.