鹅膏环肽 20次 剧毒蘑菇快速检测试剂盒

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      云南省的野生食用菌种类及产量位居全国之首，云南也是我国野生毒菌中毒的“重灾区”。同时，食用毒蘑菇引起的中毒事件已成为我国最主要的公共卫生问题之一。有毒蘑菇的毒理机制各异，但含有鹅膏环肽毒素的蘑菇占据了主导地位。在蘑菇中毒死亡的案例中，80%-90%为含鹅膏环肽毒素的剧毒蘑菇所致。鹅膏环肽毒素毒性极强，致死剂量极低。该毒素化学性质稳定，耐高温、酸碱和盐，常规的烹饪方法不能破坏其毒性。降低此类蘑菇的中毒事件能有效管控致死性蘑菇中毒。
        如何快速鉴别有毒蘑菇是世界性难题，因为有毒与可食蘑菇往往长得非常相似，形如孪生姐妹。例如，楚雄和曲靖等地有两种无毒鹅膏，俗称“黄罗伞”和“白罗伞”。然而，当地还有与这两种鹅膏极为相似的剧毒鹅膏，分别为“黄盖鹅膏”和“致命鹅膏”，若误食一个个体又得不到及时治疗，即可导致死亡。再如，在俗称“麻母鸡”的鹅膏中，多个种可以食用，但其中的灰花纹鹅膏却是剧毒的。因此，快速鉴定此类剧毒蘑菇对毒蘑菇中毒预防具有重要现实意义。
        中国科学家经多年技术攻关，获得一项国家发明专利“一种剧毒蘑菇的快速检测方法”（ZL201610991804.1）授权。通过与本企业合作并授权实施许可，完成首批鹅膏环肽毒素剧毒蘑菇快速检测试剂盒产品的研发生产。该试剂盒可在多种条件下（如实验室、野外、营地、卫生所等）3-5分钟内完成含有鹅膏环肽毒素的剧毒蘑菇检测工作（见下图)。该产品特异性地针对鹅膏环肽毒素，通过方便、快捷的特征性蓝绿色显色反应完成检测。鹅膏环肽毒素剧毒蘑菇快速检测试剂盒的成功研发填补了全球该领域的空白，有助于促进包括云南在内的世界野生食用菌产业健康发展。

   

       Yunnan province, China, yields most wild edible mushrooms across the country, and suffers from most severe mushroom poisonings. Incidents caused by poisonous mushrooms have become one of the major problems in public health and security of China. Poisonous mushrooms have various toxicological effects, but the amanitin-containing ones are the most significant. Eighty to nighty percent of the deadly cases are caused by these mushrooms. Amanitins and some related cyclic peptides are highly toxic with extremely low lethal dose. These cyclic peptides are chemically stable, resistant to high temperature, acids, bases, and salts. Lowering the incidents caused by these mushrooms will significant reduce the poisonings and therefore put the situation under control.

      It is a global issue regarding fast identification of poisonous mushrooms, as these mushrooms oftentimes share morphological traits with edible ones, even like “twins” in some cases. For example, there are two edible Amanita species in Chuxiong and Qujin, Yunnan, called “Huangluosan” and “Bailuosan”. However, there are also two deadly Amanita species at the same locations, A. subjunquillea and A. exitialis, respectively. One fruiting body of the mushrooms could cause death if not treated in time. As another example, the “mamuji” mushrooms comprise many edible species of Amantia, but they also contain A. fuliginea, a deadly species containing α-amanitin. Fast detection for these deadly amanitin-containing mushrooms without doubt has significance in prevention and control of the incidents caused by these poisonous mushrooms.

         Scientists in China recently obtained a patent “A fast detection method for poisonous mushrooms (ZL201610991804.1)”. Through cooperation with companies, the first fast detection kit for amanitin-containing mushrooms has made its debut. This product can be applied under various conditions (laboratories, fields, camps, village clinics, and etc.), and the analysis is conducted within a very short period of time (3-5 minutes). This product uses a convenient and fast procedure specifically against amanitins, and the results are presented in highly distinguishable blue-greenish coloration. To the best of our knowledge, this detection kit is the first commercial product worldwide for poisonous mushroom detection, which can assist in identification of deadly mushrooms, and help the industry of wild edible mushrooms in Yunnan, and the world.

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